MENYA IBYAHISHWE KURI GENOCIDE ZADUTSE MU RWANDA ZIKABA ZIKOMEJE NO GUKONGEZA N'AKARERE K'IBIYAGA BIGARI KOSE, NDETSE UBU ZIKABA ZITANGIYE NO KWIHINDURANYA HAMWE ZIKITWA GENOCOST N'IBINDI
- Me Venant Nkurunziza
- May 26
- 7 min read
Maze igihe kinini ntekereza ku bwicanyi bunyuranye bwagiye bwisukiranya guhera mu 1994 kugeza ndetse na magingo aya, nuko mbona tudakwiye guterera agati muryinyo ngo twicecekere, nuko bibe aka yamvugo ngo akabi kamenyerwa nk’akeza. Birashoboka ko ntako utagize, ariko biranashoboka ko hari icyo utarakora ngo tubashe gukumira aya makimbirane agamije kurimbura ubwoko, yadutse kuva kw’itariki 01/10/1990 kugeza kuri iri segonda tuvugana.
Niyompanvu rero ntasobanura ibiri kubera mu Rwanda uyumunota, ngo nirengagize ibyabibanjirije kugirango turebe neza icyakorwa ngo ubwo bwicanyi ndengakamere bushyirweho iherezo. Niyo mpanvu muri iri sesengura ngerageza gusobanura isano riri hagati y’ibiri kuba, ibyabaye n’umugambi nyamukuru FPR ifite cyangwase yacuze kuva cyera. Nzasoza kandi ngaragaza icyakorwa ngo twe abanyarwanda (Abatwa-Abahutu-Abatutsi) twongere tubane tutitaye kubudasa bwacu.
Dusobanukirwe n’icyo “jenoside” ari cyo.
Muri iki gice cyambere ndashaka ko tubanza tugasobanukirwa n’icyo « genocide » aricyo. Impanvu si uko « genocide » ari invugo nvamahanga gusa, cyangwase ijambo rikomeye cyaneee ! Uretse ko nabyo aribyo. Ariko impanvu nyamukuru ni uko byagaragaye ko FPR ikoresha iyo nvugo kugirango ibeshye abanyarwanda, ibaryanishe, maze iherezo bazakomeze iyo nzira batangiye yo kurimburana. Ibi kandi FPR ibikora mu rwego rwo kuyobya uburari, mu rwego rwo kwikuraho icyaha yo yateguye kandi ikagishyira no mubikorwa. Ikibabaje cyane ariko ni uko ubu byatangiye gukwira akarere kose ndetse no guhindura isura aho bashaka kuryanisha amoko y'ahandi nayo ngo arimburane cyangwa bakarimbura abaturajye bibindi bihugu bishakira ubutunzi gusa, aribyo bamwe bahaye inyito ya Genocost.
Tutangirire kubyo FPR ishaka ko twemera buhumyi, ikatubuza gusesengura ndetse n'ababigerageje ikaba yaragennye ibyaha ihita ibashyiraho ngo bakunde bagire ubwoba baruce barumire. Kuri FPR mu Rwanda habaye « genocide yakorewe abatutsi » gusa, akadomo. Ugeragezeje kwerekana ko mu Rwanda habayeho « genocide yakorewe Abahutu guhera tariki ya 01/10/1990 ndetse itarahagarara bakamukwena ngo ibyo ntibishobora kwitwa « genocide »! Nyamara ibi biba ari amarangamutima cyangwa kuyobya uburari. Icyiza ariko ni uko kwemeza inyito y’icyaha cya ‘genocide’ nk’uko tugiye kubibona bigira izindi nzira zihabanye kure nayo marangamutima.
I. Ariko se ubundi mbere yabyose Genocide ni iki? bivuga iki ?
Nkuko biteganwa n’amasezerano mpuzamahanga yo gukumira no guhana icyaha cya genocide yo kuwa 09/12/1948, mu ngingo yayo ya II, ndetse no muri sitatu igenga urukiko mpuzamahanga mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda,
« Genocide » isobanurwa nk'icyaha gishyirwa mu bikorwa iyo buri kimwe mu bikorwa bikurikira gikozwe hagambiriwe kurimbura igice cyangwa bose mu bahuriye ku bwenegihugu, ubwoko, ibara ry’uruhu cyangwa se ku idini (ubwemeramana). Ibyo bikorwa rero iyo ngingo iteganya ni ibi bikurikira:
a) Kwica abagize rimwe mu itsinda tumaze kuvuga ;
b) Gutera ubumuga bukomeye, bwaba ubw’umubiri cyangwa se ubwo mu mutwe abagize rimwe mu itsinda twavuze ;
c) Gushyira ubigambiriye, mumibereho ishobora gutuma abagize rimwe mu itsinda twavuze barimbuka bose cyangwase bamwe muribo ;
d) Gufata ibyemezo bigambiriye kubuza kororoka abagize rimwe mw’itsinda twavuze ;
e) Gufata urubyaro rw’abagize rimwe mu itsinda twavuze, ukarwitirira irindi kungufu.
Aha mboneyeho kwibutsa umuntu wese ushobora kubyibeshyaho ko gushyirwa mu bikorwa kwa cyimwe muri biriya bikorwa tuvuze haruguru bidahagije ngo bihite byakwitwa genocide. Nyamara hari ibindi bintu by’ingenzi dukwiye kunva neza no kwitaho!
Nkuko ingingo ya 2, yaba iy’amasezerano mpuzamahanga cyangwa iya sitati y’urukiko rwashyiriweho u Rwanda, igaragaza ko abateguye buri gikorwa twabonye, bagombye kuba bari bafite umugambi wo kurimbura igice cyangwa bose mubahuriye kuri buri tsinda twabonye (ubwenegihugu, ubwoko, ibara ry’uruhu cyangwa se ku idini). Bitabaye ibyo rero ngo ibigize icyo cyaha (Eléments constitutif) bibe byuzuye, gishobora kuba ikindi cyaha aho kwitwa « genocide », kuko buri gikorwa iriyangingo iteganya usanga n’ubundi ubwacyo ari icyaha gihanwa n’amategeko rusange (droit commun). Niyo mpamvu ibi bihita bituganisha ku mitegurirwe y'icyaha cya genocide.
II. Itegurwa ry’icyaha cya « Genocide »
Gutegurwa kw’icyaha cya «genocide », ni ikintu abantu benshi batindaho cyane kandi ni mugihe kuko hari urujijo rwisnhi ku bantu baba bazi ibyamategeko. Ugasanga bemeza ko ari ihame ko Leta iriho ariyo igomba gutegura genocide, ariyo igomba kuyishyira mubikorwa ntakabuza. Nyamara ibi nubundi nibyo ariko si ihame: Ni igice cy’ukuri. Muti Kubera iki ?
None niba atari ihame se ubwo Leta yazamo ite mugihe atariyo yacuze uwo mugambi kandi ko bishoboka? Kugirango tubyunve neza dushingire kuri y’amasezerano akumira kandi agahana icyaha cya genocide. Icyambere kigaragara muri ariya masezerano ni uko nta ngingo yayo yemeza ko biriya bikorwa byose twabonye bigomba kuba byarateguwe na Leta. Ibiramambu ahubwo amasezerano na statut bikoresha invugo igaragaza abantu kugiti cyabo (personnes physique) nk’aho avuga « Abantu bashyize mubikorwa genocide… abantu bahamwe na genocide… ». Nubwo turi bubisobanure neza, ariko uwariwe wese wacura umugambi wo kurimbura kimwe mubice twavuze yaba ari gucura « umugambi wa genocide ». Kandi uwo mugambi Kushyirwa mubikorwa no kugera kuntego ze byo ni ibindi ariho turi bubonere uruhare rwa Leta mukurinda abantu bayo.
N’ubwo amasezerano twavuze ntacyo avuga kuri iy’ingingo yo « gutegura genocide », Nyamara ntibibuza ko gutegura ari igikorwa cyangombwa (Elément constitutif très important) mukwemeza icyaha cya Genocide. Kuko gutegura rero ni igikorwa cyunvikanamo, uhita wumvamo, kuko ntushobora kugira umugambi wo kurimbura igice cy'abantu cyangwa bose maze ngo uwo mugambi usigane no gutegura uko bizagerwaho. Murumva ko byumvikana.
Habaye hakirimo urujijo ariko twareba no kuri ya Statut yari yashyizeho urukiko mpuzamahanga mpanabyaha rwashyiriwe u Rwanda (TPIR) kuko yo yatanze umucyo kuri iyi ngingo kuburyo ntarujijo dukwiye kugira. Mu ngingo yayo ya 6 (1) igaragaza ko « Umuntu wese wateguye, wakanguriye, wategetse, wakoze cyangwase mubundi buryo ubwaribwobwose wakanguriye gutegura, wateguye cyangwa agashyira mubikorwa ibyaha birebwa n’ingingo ya 2 kugeza kuya 4 y’iyi sitati y’urukiko akurikiranwaho ibyo byaha nk’umuntu kugiti ».
Aha iyi ngingo irashaka kutwibutsa ko ihame ry’uko icyaha ari gatozi, rikurikizwa no kubyaha ndengakamere nka « genocide ». Ikatwibutsa ko gutegura icyaha cya genocide kidashyirwa kuri Leta buhumyi cyangwa nk'ihame ryibereye aho. Muburyo butomoye agace ka 2 k’iyo ngingo ya 6 gasobanura ko abarebwa ari abantu kugiti cyabo, kabone n’ubwo ukurikiranwe yaba umukuru w’igihugu cyangwa uwa guverinoma. Aha noneho murunva ko impungenge twari dufite zivuyeho burundu.
III. None se Leta (cyangwa government) ihurira he na “Genocide”?
Tubanze tumenye ko « gutegura genocide » no « gushyira mubikorwa genocide » ari ibintu bibiri bitandukanye. Kutunva ibi rero bituma abantu batunva neza ngo basobanukirwe n’ibyabaye kandi bigikomeje kubera iwacu mu Rwanda. Cyane cyane ko Leta ya FPR inkotanyi yarushijeho gushyira imbaraga mu gusisibiranya kugirango hatazagira utekereza neza bikaba byagera ubwo batekereza urundi ruhande rutari Leta yariho ubwo iyi genocide tuvuga yatangiraga tariki ya 01/10/1990.
Ubusanzwe rero ahubwo ihame n’uko Leta ari umurinzi w’abenegihugu bose harimo nariya matsinda twavuze ashobora gukorerwa genocide. Ni ukuvuga abahuriye ku bwenegihugu, ubwoko, ibara ry’uruhu cyangwa se ku idini (ubwemeramana). Munshingano za Leta rero igomba gukora uko ishoboye ngo hatagira uvutswa uburenganzira n’ubuzima bye. Ibyo bishatse kuvuga ko byumwihariko ntawe ushobora kurimbura kimwe mu bice twavuze haruguru Leta irebera mu bushobozi n'ubushobozi bwayo bwuzuye!
Gutegura rero (Planification of genocide) ntibisobanura nk’ihame ko ari Leta iba yabikoze byanze bikunze! Gutegura genocide si umwihariko wa Leta kuko ibikorwa bya genocide bishobora gutegurwa n’ikindi gice nk’ (amashyaka, imiryango yigenga, imitwe yagisirikare cyangwa andi matsinda ndetse n'abandi bantu kugiti cyabo). Nyamara se ariko ibi bikorwa bishoboka bite nyine mugihugu Leta (government) igifite inshingano zayo zose mu bushobozi bwayo bwose? Igisubizo ni Oya Ntibyahoboka ko uyu mugambi wokurimbura igice cyangwa bose mu benegihugu bagize biriya byiciro twavuze wagerwaho Leta itabizi! Biramutse bishobotse, umugambi ukajya mubikorwa tutitaye kuwawuteguye uwo ariwe wese, (Leta igifite ububasha n’ubushobozi bwayo) icyo gihe Leta yaba ibifitemo uruhare. Icyo gihe Leta iba ifite uruhare mu “gushyira mu bikorwa genocide” kugeza igihe hagaragarijwe ikinyuranyo cyabyo.
Bishatse kuvugako biramutse bigaragaye ko Leta yariri mubihe bikomeye bidasanzwe cyangwa ibihe by’imidugararo, cyangwa se hakagaragazwa izindi nzitizi zose zakunvikanira buri wese ko Leta itashoboraga cyangwa byayinaniye gukumira biriya bikorwa bya genocide, icyo gihe umugambi wo gutegurwa ukomeza gushakirwa ahandi. Ibi kandi birunvikana kuko na Leta iriho ishobora guterwa igatsindwa igahirikwa hakimikwa indi mwanya wo kwibaza niba kunanirwa gukumira « genocide » byashoboka ! Aha ndashaka ko mwibuka neza ko aribyo byabaye no murwanda! Mubikure noneho mu mahame n'amategeko byanditswe mubitabo ahubwo mwongere mubyitegereze neza aho kukarubanda. Uko Leta yari hagaze guhera mu tariki ya 01/10/1990 no gukomeza. Iyi ngingo rero ni ingenzi cyane kuko nimuyumva neza izadufasha mukumenya neza n'inyito y’ubwicanyi bwabaye mu Rwanda. Nkuko tuzabigarukaho mukindi kiganiro.
Kuba hari abavuga rero ko « genocide ari icyaha cya Leta », murunva ko bifite irengayobora, Ntabwo ari igikorwa abagize Leta (governement) bihariye. iryo rengayobora maze kuvuga hejuru, naryo riri mubituma abanyarwanda batunva ibintu kimwe maze nabemeye ko abanyarwanda bapfuye kumpande zose ariko ko bitakwitwa genocide.
Mukumva neza iryo renga yobora mu gutegura icyaha cya «genocide » Reka twifashishe urugero rwabaye mu Rwanda: « ingabo za RPF inkotanyi zateye igihugu zica abahutu guhera Byumba, Ruhengeri, Kibungo, i Gakurazo, Kibeho ndetse abazihunze zikabahiga zikabasanga no mubuhungiro kugirango zibarimbureho kuko namagingo aya birakomeje».
Dusuzume uru rugero rwiza kuko rushingiye kuri kimwe mubice itegeko ryateganije birebwana Genocide. Ururugero kandi ruradufasha gutahura ibisabwa kugirango twemeze ko ubwicanyi runaka bwakwitwa « genocide ». Ikindi kirushijeho uru rugero ruradufasha kunva ibyabereye kandi bikibera iwacu no kubiha inyito ikwiye tukava murujijo
Twibuke ko Kugirango ubwicanyi nk’ubu bwakorewe abahutu bwitwe « genocide » cyangwa ntibwitwe gutyo, bituruka gusa kuba bwujuje ibisabwa. Ni ukuvuga ko kugirango uru rugero rutumurikire, dukwiye gusuzuma ibyo byangombwa bisabwa !
1. Kuba igice kirimburwa cyarateganijwe n’itegeko. Yego (kuko harahigwa abahuriye ku bwoko. Kurimbura rero igice cyangwase bose mubagize abahutu bishobora kwitwa genocide) ;
2. Kuba abatangije umugambi wo kurimbura barawuteguye bihagije bazi impanvu n’uburyo kugirango umugambi bawugereho. Aha naho ni yego barabiteguye nkuko byagiye bigaragazwa n'ibikorwa byabo guhera tariki ya 01/10/1990 hakiyongeraho n'imvugo zuko bazabigenza nk'imvugo shusho yo kuvomesha akayiko ingunguru yuzuye amazi, Ko uzabarataho ibigori bafite amamashini yo kubishya, Ko uwabaha ubutegetsi ibyo bita majority (Rubanda nyamwishi) byahinduka minority (nyamucye), Ko amaherezo umuhutu azaraswa kugeza yiyanze ), Nkaho ibyo byose bidahagije hashyizweho ndetse naza programu zo kwihutisha uyu mugambi harimo nka Programu ya punguza, programu yo kujya babarasa kumanywa, programu yo kubafunga niba batemeye kwihakana ubwoko bwabo ngo babisabire n'imbabazi ndetse abeshi baboreye muri ayo magereza nanubu, ndetse bahyizeho na programu yo kubabuza kubyara hakoreshejwe imiti ndetse no gukona abagabo, n'ibindi n'ibindi byinshi,
3. Kuba abatangije ubwicanyi ntakindi bari bagamije uretse umugambi wo kurimbura abo Bahutu, kabone niyo bagambirira igice cyabo gusa! Ibi nibyo kuko umugambi wo kurimbura igice cyangwa bose uhita wigaragaza no mugice cyo kuwutegura ubwacyo. Urugero nko gushaka uko ba rubanda nyamwinshi wabahindura ba nyamucye, ko wabazimya ukoresheje programu za punguza no kubarasa cyangwa kubabuza kororoka nkokubakona, no kubafungira mumimerere iberekeza kurupfu rwihuse cyangwa rutinze,
Ikindi kigaragaza umugambi wo kurimburaho abo mubwoko bw'Abahutu ureberwa mubikorwa byakorwaga izo nkotanyi zabakoreraga hirya no hino aho zacaga, urgero nko kubatwikira mungo zabo cyangwa kurasa agasozi kose zikakarimbuka, kubatumiza munama zikabagota zikabarimbura, kubasanga munsengero zikagota zikabarimbura bose, kubasanga mu nkambi aho bahungiye zikayigota zikabarimbura bose, urugero natanga ni nkuko barimbuye impunzi z'abahutu zari zikambitse ikibeho. Ikindi kigaragaza uwo mugambi wokurimburaho igice cyangwa bose mubwoko bw'abahutu ni ukuntu inkotanyi zambutse umupaka zikajya kwica abazihungiye muri Kongo zigatwika inkambi zose zikarasa zigateramo ababombe abazirimo bose zikabarimbura. Urugero natanga ni nkimpunzi zahungiye TINGITINGI nahandi muri henshi muri Kongo.
Uwagerageza rero guha inyito iki gikorwa cyo kwibasira ABAHUTU, maze agashingira kuri biriya itegeko riteganya yasanga ntagushidikanya ibyo ari « genocide yakorewe abahutu ndetse ikibabaje ikaba igikomeje namagingo aya».
Muhereye kuri urwo rugero rero murahita mwumvako atari ihame ko genocide itegurwa na Leta. Twibuke ko muri éléments zubatse icyaha cya « genocide » ntaho bavuze ko Leta ari umwihariko mukugitegura. Cyakora Leta ni umwihariko mukugikumira icyo cyaha. Urujijo rero rukwiye kuvaho kuko kugirango hemezwe icyaha cya « genocide » hagomba kurebwa niba umugambi wo kurimbura igice cyangwa se bose mu bagize rimwe mu matsinda twavuze warateguwe batitataye kuwawuteguye uwo ariwe wese.
IV. Inyito ya Genocide : Cas du Rwanda
Mugushakisha inyito y’ubwicanyi bwatangijwe mu Rwanda na FPR Inkotanyi guhera tariki ya 01/10/1990, hari bamwe babwise « genocide y’abanyarwanda » abandi bati ahubwo ni « genocide yakorewe abatutsi » abandi bati ahubwo ni « genocide ikorerwa abahutu ». Byose birashoboka ariko reka turebe icyo amategeko abivugaho n’icyo bashingiraho. Ntimucikwe ni mubiganiro byacu by'ubutaha hano kuri GITERA TV.
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